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Round steel

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Round steel, also commonly referred to as round bar or steel round bar, is a kind of solid long steel product featured by its circular cross - section. It is widely applied in multiple industries due to its excellent performance and flexible processing properties. Here is a detailed introduction:

  1. Classification

    • By production process: There are three main types. Hot - rolled round steel, with diameters ranging from 5.5mm to 250mm, has high strength, good toughness and weldability, though its surface is relatively rough. Cold - drawn round steel is processed at room temperature by being pulled through a die, resulting in a smooth surface and precise dimensions, which is suitable for precision - required components. Forged round steel is formed by hot hammering or pressing; this process makes the metal grains denser, endowing it with outstanding toughness, thus it is ideal for parts enduring high pressure and frequent movement.

    • By chemical composition: It can be divided into low - carbon steel, medium - carbon steel and high - carbon steel. Low - carbon steel (carbon content 0.10% - 0.30%) is easy to forge, weld and cut, and is often used to make bolts and shafts. Medium - carbon steel (carbon content 0.25% - 0.60%) has better strength and is applied in manufacturing mechanical parts. High - carbon steel has high hardness and wear resistance, suitable for making tools and springs.


  2. Common Materials

    It has a rich variety of material grades to meet different application requirements. Common carbon steel grades include Q195, Q235, 10#, 20#, 45#, etc. Alloy steel grades cover 20Cr, 40Cr, 35CrMo, etc. Meanwhile, stainless steel grades like 304 and 316 are also commonly used to produce round steel, which is especially suitable for working environments with corrosion resistance requirements.


  3. Key Calculation and Properties

    • Theoretical weight calculation: The common formula for its theoretical weight per meter is 0.00617 × diameter × diameter (the unit of diameter is mm, and the weight unit is kg). For example, the weight per meter of 14mm round steel is 0.00617×14×14 = 1.20932kg.

    • Core properties: Hot - rolled round steel is easy to drill and form. Cold - formed round steel has consistent roundness and high straightness accuracy. Besides, alloy round steel can obtain properties such as corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance by adding alloying elements.


  4. Wide Applications

    • Construction industry: It is used as reinforcement in concrete structures like bridges, high - rise buildings and highways, which can enhance the load - bearing capacity and tensile performance of the structures. It also serves as handrails and structural supports.

    • Manufacturing industry: It is a key raw material for machining and forging, used to produce shafts, gears, bearings, bolts and other mechanical components.

    • Automotive and aerospace industries: Forged round steel is applied to make auto crankshafts, camshafts and suspension parts. In the aerospace field, it is used to manufacture some structural parts and tooling that require high reliability.

    • Pipe - making industry: Round steel with a diameter of more than 100mm is often used as a blank for seamless steel pipes.